Learn how each is defined, along with why the issue of nature vs. nurture continues to arise. We also share a few examples of when arguments on this topic typically occur, how the two factors interact with each other, and contemporary views that exist in the debate of nature vs. nurture as it stands today. Nature and Nurture Defined To better understand the nature vs. nurture argument, it helps to know what each of these terms means....
This article discusses how negative reinforcement works, how it compares to other behavioral learning methods, and how effective it can be in the learning process. How Does Negative Reinforcment Work? Negative reinforcement works to strengthen certain behaviors by removing some type of aversive outcome. As a form of reinforcement, it strengthens the behavior that precedes it. In the case of negative reinforcement, it is the action of removing the undesirable outcome or stimulus that serves as the reward for performing the behavior....
In some instances, these disorders overlap. For example, this means that a child with one disorder, let’s say autism, could also be diagnosed with another neurobehavioral condition such as Tourette’s syndrome. Neurobehavioral disorders affect one’s behavior, emotions, and learning processes. This group of disorders is sometimes referred to as neurodevelopmental disorders, and both terms could be used interchangeably. Symptoms of Neurobehavioral Disorders There are several types of neurobehavioral disorders, and the symptoms of each of the conditions can vary....
But with the right tools in place, you can overcome these symptoms and make your next attempt at quitting a success. What to Expect During Nicotine Withdrawal. Nicotine withdrawal is a normal physical and emotional reaction to rapidly quitting, or significantly reducing, your nicotine intake. It usually happens when you drastically reduce or stop smoking after you’ve been ingesting nicotine every day for at least several weeks. Your body and brain adapt to the nicotine you take in regularly through smoking, chewing tobacco, snuff, or using a nicotine patch, gum, or other nicotine replacement therapy (NRT)....
As a hormone, norepinephrine is released into the bloodstream by the adrenal glands and works alongside adrenaline (also known as epinephrine) to give the body sudden energy in times of stress, known as the “fight or flight” response. As a neurotransmitter, norepinephrine passes nerve impulses from one neuron to the next. Overview Medications that inhibit the reuptake of norepinephrine and serotonin (which is another neurotransmitter) are called serotonin-norepinephrine reuptake inhibitors (SNRIs)....
It is pretty common knowledge that OCD coexists with several other disorders, including other anxiety disorders and Major Depressive Disorder (MDD). Many also recognize there are crossover symptoms of OCD-like behavior and several other disorders. Autism Spectrum Disorders and ADHD are among those. Some research also suggests that there is an overlap of ADHD and OCD among people who engage in hoarding behaviors. Causes OCD and ADHD are strange bedfellows....
Orthorexia is not recognized by the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, 5th Edition (DSM-5) as an official eating disorder. It remains a proposed diagnosis that is attracting increased interest by researchers, treatment professionals, bloggers, and the public, especially as a desire for healthy food has become more mainstream. Dr. Stephen Bratman first coined the term in 1997 to describe the obsession with healthy eating he had seen in several of his patients....
This article will discuss effective treatment options for panic disorder, as well as lifestyle changes you can implement to manage your symptoms. Diagnosis A mental healthcare professional can evaluate you for panic disorder. Before making a determination, they will check to see if you meet the diagnostic criteria for the condition. Panic disorder is characterized by repeated, unexpected panic attacks that are often followed by a persistent worry about future attacks or a significant, potentially harmful behavioral change that arises due to the condition....
A new study in the Journal of Affective Disorders found that maternal depression is indirectly associated with the development of depression and anxiety symptoms in children, and is prompted by parental stress. This research was based on a secondary analysis of data from the Fragile Families and Child Well-Being Study to assess anxiety and depressive symptoms of both mothers and children over a decade. The Study This long-term research was based on an analysis of interviews conducted with the parents of a group of 4,898 children born within 75 hospitals in 20 large cities in the US between 1998 and 2017....
Studies show that positive thinking is linked with greater health. Those who have more hope tend to engage in healthier behaviors and go to the doctor less frequently. They also tend to take better care of themselves and are better with preventative care. Positive thinkers also tend to be happier. And this happiness can translate into success in other areas of life. Studies by researcher Barbara Fredrickson show that those who experience boosts in their mood tend to recognize opportunities more frequently and take advantage of them, leading to greater successes in life....
Anger Problems in Veterans A group of researchers looked at rates of PTSD and anger problems among a group of 117 Iraq and Afghanistan War veterans. Similar to other reports, the veterans they studied exhibited high rates of PTSD. In fact, about 40 percent had PTSD and an additional 18% had what is often referred to as subthreshold PTSD (they were struggling with some severe symptoms of PTSD but not quite enough symptoms to meet criteria for a full PTSD diagnosis)....
Bullying is, unfortunately, very common. For example, up to 20% of children aged 12 to 18 have been victims of bullying. Bullying is so common, in fact, that many people think of it as a childhood rite of passage. Let’s take a look at how bullying can cause PTSD, what PTSD looks like among people who have been bullied—and most importantly, what can be done to treat PTSD from bullying....
Watching televisionUsing a mobile phone or tabletWorking on a computer or laptopPlaying on a gaming console While your child may need screens to do research and complete homework assignments, they may also spend a lot of time playing games, using social media, or watching movies, shows, or videos. While screen time can offer some benefits, it can also lead to a lot of negative consequences, particularly if children spend several hours per day using screens....
However, it’s important to identify and treat mental health issues in children because they can affect the child’s behavior, ability to learn, and emotional development, to the point where the child may have difficulty getting through the day. This article lists some signs of mental health issues in young children and teenagers, as well as some steps you can take if you suspect your child has a mental health condition....
How Stress Impacts Sex Drive When you encounter stress, your body goes through a series of changes in order to prepare you to run away or stay and fight. This is known as the fight or flight response. As part of the fight or flight response, you may experience an increase in heart rate, blood pressure, and breathing rate while non-essential functions, like sex drive, are acutely diminished. 44% of Americans surveyed said they feel stressed “frequently” 35% reported they “sometimes” feel stressed17% said they “rarely” doJust 4% said “never”...
This research was based on information analysis from a national cohort of older veterans who received care at the Veterans Health Administration (VHA) and included 5 racial and ethnic groups in the country. These findings highlight the importance of addressing health disparities among equity-seeking groups since most adults are expected to grow old, and may be at risk of dementia in the future. Understanding the Research This study was based on a retrospective analysis of information from 1,869,090 participants, of which, 0....
