The condition is not always easy to diagnose, however, as many of the symptoms are commonly mistaken for “normal” childhood rambunctiousness. Even physicians can have difficulty with diagnosis given that there is no single test that can diagnose ADHD or similar behavioral or learning disorders. Ultimately, to make the distinction, pediatricians will run through a checklist of characteristic symptoms to determine whether the child meets the criteria for ADHD as outlined in the American Psychiatric Association’s Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM-5). The determination of ADHD is largely based on whether the behaviors are appropriate or inappropriate for the child’s developmental age. The range of symptoms can vary from child to child and lead to a variety of different diagnoses broadly classified as follows:
Predominantly inattentive type ADHD describes a child who has trouble paying attention but isn’t hyperactive or impulsive.Predominantly hyperactive-impulsive type ADHD is defined as excessive restlessness, rashness, and fidgetiness without the characteristic lack of focus.Combined type ADHD has characteristics of both.
Often fails to pay attention to details or makes careless mistakes in schoolwork or other activitiesOften has trouble holding attention on tasks or play activitiesOften does not seem to listen when spoken to directlyOften does not follow through on instructions or fails to finish schoolwork or choresOften has trouble organizing tasks and activitiesOften avoids, dislikes, or is reluctant to do tasks that require mental effort over a long period of timeOften loses things needed to complete tasks or activitiesIs easily distractedIs often forgetful in daily activities
Often blurts out an answer before a question has been completedOften fidgets with the hands or feet or squirms whenever seatedOften leaves their seat despite being told to sit stillOften runs or climbs in situations where it is not appropriateOften unable to play or take part in leisure activities quietlyIs often “on the go" as if unnaturally drivenOften talks excessivelyOften has trouble waiting for their turnOften interrupts or intrudes on other’s conversations or activities
Children with combined type ADHD exhibit symptoms of inattention such as struggling to concentrate on their work, difficulty following instructions, appearing distracted, forgetfulness, and misplacing items. They also exhibit hyperactive and impulsive symptoms such as being unable to sit still, restlessness, talkativeness, high energy levels, and interrupting others. Boys are more likely to exhibit externalizing symptoms associated with ADHD such as acting out and being aggressive. Because these symptoms tend to be more disruptive, boys tend to be diagnosed with the condition more frequently than girls. Symptoms such as shyness and daydreaming are often seen as personality characteristics in girls rather than symptoms, which is why they are often missed. Symptoms of ADHD in girls may include seeming withdrawn, disorganized, unmotivated, shy, and easily upset. Because the condition is often missed, girls are less likely to get help and may struggle with issues such as poor self-esteem, anxiety, and depression. You may also find it beneficial to join a support group for parents of children with ADHD. It is also important to help your child learn more about their diagnosis and treatment plan. Working with your child’s doctor or therapist, having conversations with your child, and looking for positive role models can be helpful. Your child may find it helpful to know that there are a number of famous people with ADHD including celebrities and athletes. Taking an online quiz may help you better understand some of the symptoms of ADHD in children, but you should always talk to a healthcare professional for further evaluation, diagnosis, and treatment.
