For example, imagine that you have a very vivid dream that you fly out your bedroom window and soar around your city. The sights, sounds, and storyline of the dream are the manifest content. A dream interpreter might suggest that your dream reveals a hidden desire to seek freedom from your day-to-day life. This symbolic meaning behind the literal content of the dream is known as the latent content....
Best Known For Learned helplessness Positive psychology Early Life Martin Seligman was born on August 12, 1942, in Albany, New York. After graduating high school, he attended Princeton University where he earned an A.B. degree in 1964. In 1967, he earned a Ph.D. in psychology from the University of Pennsylvania. Career After working as an assistant professor at Cornell University, he returned to teach psychology at the University of Pennsylvania. During this time, he began researching learned helplessness....
While therapy has several benefits, there are also reasons why therapy may be unavailable. For instance, if you’re in a crisis, you might need immediate support. It’s also possible that you’re not currently able to afford therapy or that it’s just inaccessible to you in general. In such cases, it can be helpful to consider a variety of resources other than therapy to see which one may work best for you....
Our dreams’ contents can shift suddenly, feature bizarre elements, or frighten us with terrifying imagery. The fact that dreams can be so rich and compelling is what causes many to believe that there must be some meaning to our dreams. Some prominent researchers, such as G. William Domhoff, suggest that dreams most likely serve no real purpose. Despite this, dream interpretation has become increasingly popular. While research has not demonstrated a purpose for dreams, many experts believe that dreams do have meaning....
These low doses are purported to enhance daily functioning while avoiding a dramatically altered state of consciousness. People are motivated to microdose for a number of reasons. These include a desire to: Alleviate mental health symptoms (such as anxiety and depression) Enhance performance Facilitate social interactions Improve creativity Increased energy Increase focus Increase concentration Reduce physical symptoms (such as muscle tension and headache) Relieve from menstrual pain Interest in microdosing has grown tremendously in recent years, spawning an abundance of online discussions, videos, and articles devoted to the practice....
All couples will face life challenges and stressors in their lifetime. As these difficult periods of life emerge, it is helpful for couples to have skills that promote working together and positive, adaptive coping strategies. That is where mindfulness-based relationship enhancement comes in. The ultimate goal of mindfulness-based relationship enhancement is to learn how to be present in the moment, accepting of whatever challenges you are facing individually and as a couple, and taking your time reacting and making decisions to avoid the negative impact of hasty choices made in the heat of the moment....
Relaxation techniques are practices you can learn on your own, or with the guidance of a professional. These activities are aimed at assisting you in slowing down your thoughts, letting go of stress and opening up to deep relaxation. Such techniques can help counteract many of the cognitive and physical symptoms of panic disorder and anxiety. Common relaxation techniques include deep breathing, yoga, visualization, massage, and progressive muscle relaxation (PMR)....
Nightmare disorder is considered a parasomnia, a type of sleep disorder that interferes with a person’s sleep by creating abnormal or undesirable experiences. Nightmares only occur during rapid eye movement (REM) sleep, which means they’re more likely to make an appearance after entering into a deeper sleep. What About Night Terrors? Night terrors are similar to nightmares but do not happen during REM sleep. Bad dreams are also different from nightmares because they do not cause an individual to wake up in a startled state....
A central feature of any phobia includes that a person is persistently afraid of the object or situation, even if it is not an immediate threat. Birds are present throughout populated areas of the world, making it hard to go through an entire day without a single encounter. Therefore, it is not uncommon for those with ornithophobia to gradually restrict their activities. For example, you may avoid outdoor activities. You may even become agoraphobic, or afraid to leave your house for fear of confronting a bird....
Also Known As: Some of the slang terms and street names used for PCP include Angel Dust, Hog, Rocket Fuel, DOA, Peace Pill, Supergrass, Ozone, Wack, Cliffhanger, Happy Sticks, Trank, Letha Weapon, and Kools. Drug Class: PCP is classified as a hallucinogen and shares qualities with other dissociative drugs. Common Side Effects: Side effects of PCP use include numbness, loss of coordination, disorientation, confusion, dizziness, nausea, hallucinations, feelings of detachment, increased heart rate, and elevated blood pressure....
Consider how often you make this kind of judgment every day. When you meet with a new co-worker, you immediately begin to develop an initial impression of this person. When you visit the grocery store after work, you might draw conclusions about the cashier who checks you out, even though you know very little about them. This allows us to make snap judgments and decisions, but it can also lead to biased or stereotyped perceptions of other people....
A recent report from Educational Review looked at a series of studies surrounding pressure on girls to excel in school and the resulting mental health impact. Across the research, being accepted to a top college and getting a good job (pays well, high status) were the two biggest anxiety-triggers for the future. Participants saw the former as a direct link to achieving the latter. Success was also seen narrowly as whether they achieved material success, prestige, and wealth....
What Is Psychoneuroimmunology? In a nutshell, PNI studies the connection between psychological processes and the nervous and immune systems of the body. A more detailed description of PNI was given in an interview with Dr. Robert Ader, a Distinguished University Professor at the University of Rochester School of Medicine and Dentistry, and one of the pioneers of this rapidly growing branch of research. It reads as follows: “Psychoneuroimmunology refers, most simply, to the study of the interactions among behavioral, neural and endocrine (or neuroendocrine), and immunologic processes of adaptation....
With so much going on in our lives, keeping up with loved ones can be difficult. Particularly over the last couple of years, when we’ve probably been spending more time at home, socializing has fallen by the wayside for many of us. However, in a new study, author Peggy J. Liu, PhD, the Ben L. Fryrear Chair in Marketing at the University of Pittsburgh Katz Graduate School of Business, found that we have a tendency to underestimate just how much people appreciate it when friends reach out to them....
If you’re struggling to get enough sleep each night, there might be a number of different factors contributing to your difficult slumber. In some cases, there are things that you may need to do and others that you need to avoid in order to get a good night’s sleep. Some of the top signs that you are not getting sleep in the quantity or quality that you need include:...
Exercises are based on exposure training commonly practiced as part of cognitive-behavioral therapy (CBT). The app also includes learning material so that users can learn more about how and why these techniques work. Overview The Anxiety Coach app is designed to be used over a period of several weeks to months as a tool to gradually face feared situations and reduce anxiety. The Anxiety Coach app consists of the following components:...
Is OCD Caused by a Chemical Imbalance? Changes in the neurochemical serotonin, as well as in the neurochemicals dopamine and glutamate, are likely present in OCD. Indeed, medications like the antidepressants known as selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs) improve symptoms for many people. In addition, research in animals and humans seems to suggest that changes in various neurochemicals are at least partly responsible for OCD symptoms. However, it is not always clear to what degree these neurochemical changes cause OCD symptoms or whether they come about as the result of experiencing OCD symptoms....
What Is Roller Coaster Phobia? To understand roller coaster phobia, it is necessary to first understand roller coasters. The original precursor to the roller coaster was the Russian Ice Slide, invented during the 17th century in Russia. Riders climbed a set of wooden stairs, slid down a 50-degree slope on a sheet of ice several inches thick, and then climbed up another set of stairs. The slides were so popular, it is rumored that Catherine the Great had a few installed on her property....
