Secure attachments with caregivers are essential for healthy development. Poor attachment during the early years of life can have lasting effects. These attachments can also persist into adulthood and negatively affect adult relationships. Anxious attachment, also known as ambivalent attachment or anxious-preoccupied attachment, is one of the four main attachment styles that have been identified by psychologists. This article discusses the symptoms, causes, and treatments of attachment anxiety. It also covers how you can cope if you or your partner have an anxious attachment style....

B. F. Skinner himself referred to his philosophy as “radical behaviorism.” He suggested that the concept of free will was simply an illusion and, instead, believed that all human action was the direct result of conditioning. Learn about Skinner’s many contributions to psychology—one of the most well-known being operant conditioning, his theory of learning—his numerous inventions and publications, along with his biography to better understand who B. F. Skinner was....

Both conditions are characterized by mood instability and impulsivity, but there are also important distinctions. Bipolar disorder involves dramatic shifts in mood and activity levels, whereas BPD is marked by emotional dysregulation. Learn more about the differences between bipolar disorder and BPD. If you are experiencing symptoms of a mental health condition, talk to a healthcare provider to receive a diagnosis and treatment. Symptoms Mood instability and impulsive behavior are frequently experienced both by people with bipolar disorder and by people with BPD....

As the students start to explain themselves, “the blame game” begins. Everyone starts to point fingers at each other and the discussion goes round in circles as they try to avoid the blame and pin it on someone else. Does this situation seem familiar? Have you experienced something similar, at work perhaps? You’ve probably even watched the blame game unfold on the news when there’s a disaster, and politicians and executives fall all over themselves trying to shift the blame onto everyone but themselves....

BPD Features and Cheating Some people believe BPD is associated with infidelity. Research has yet to show a direct connection between BPD and an increased likelihood of cheating. Rather, a hallmark feature of borderline personality—impulsive behavior—sometimes manifests as sexual preoccupation, early sexual exposure, casual sexual relationships, and promiscuity. Likewise, a person with BPD is more likely to have been sexually abused or otherwise victimized. These issues can make cheating more likely in some people....

The strain of constant stress can wear you down, and there is only so much that your mind and body can take before you reach your breaking point. Fortunately, there are strategies that you can use for burnout recovery and prevention that can minimize the detrimental impact that burnout can have on your well-being. This article explores how to recognize the signs of burnout, steps you can take to prevent it, and tips for how to recover if you are starting to feel burned out....

L-tyrosine has been shown to help improve cognitive performance during times of stress and improve working memory. Because of this, it is believed that L-tyrosine may help with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) symptoms. However, there is limited research on the effectiveness of L-tyrosine for ADHD, and more studies are needed to confirm its efficacy. If you’re considering using L-tyrosine for ADHD, talk to your doctor first to see if it’s right for you....

Although ecstasy has been linked to long-term neurological effects and even death—associations that some experts dispute—MDMA has proven safe and non-addictive in some clinical studies. Moreover, MDMA may be effective when combined with psychotherapy to treat PTSD. Treating PTSD Post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) is a disorder that results from exposure to a traumatic experience like a life-threatening event, natural disaster, or violence. People with PTSD live in a state of hyperarousal and often re-experience the event that triggered their PTSD in the form of flashbacks or nightmares....

For instance, if you’ve made mistakes, you may regret them and promise yourself that you’ll change and do better next time. Or, if you feel like there’s something wrong with you, you may have tried to change but may not have succeeded yet, says Aimee Daramus, PsyD, a licensed clinical psychologist and author of “Understanding Bipolar Disorder.” Damarus notes that you may also want to change someone you love, such as a child or partner....

Clinical psychology also represents the single largest subfield of psychologists. While all clinical psychologists are interested in mental health, there are actually a wide variety of sub-specialties within this field. Some of these specialty areas include child mental health, adult mental health, learning disabilities, emotional disturbances, substance abuse, geriatrics, and health psychology. What Clinical Psychologists Do Clinical psychologists often work in hospitals, private practice, or academic settings. Clinicians are trained in a range of techniques and theoretical approaches....

Young adults have a sophisticated and nuanced understanding of different types of casual relationships. Not all of them are the same, and each of the four types identified by Canadian researchers Jocelyn Wentland and Elke Reissing come with a different set of expectations. The 4 Types of Casual Relationships After running focus groups with 23 participants aged 18 to 24, the researchers identified four main types of casual relationship, from least intimate to most intimate: The authors omitted casual dating because they wanted to explore relationship types that were not considered “dating” by the participants....

CNS depressants work by increasing the activity of a neurotransmitter in your brain, called gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA). An increase in the activity of GABA in your brain leads to a slowdown of your brain activity. CNS depression is especially common amongst people who use these substances recreationally. CNS depression varies in severity. You might experience mild CNS depression from the prescribed use of CNS depressants or severe CNS depression from the misuse of CNS depressants, traumatic brain injury, or certain other conditions....

In bipolar disorder, clang associations generally appear in psychotic episodes in the manic phases of the illness. In schizophrenia, clang associations are closely linked with a thought disorder, one of the hallmark features of the illness. “Clanging” also has been referred to as “glossomania” in medical literature relating to speech alterations in schizophrenia and bipolar disorder. What Clang Associations Sound Like Clang associations generally sound a bit like rhyming poetry, except that the poems don’t seem to make any sense....

This article discusses the symptoms, causes, and diagnosis of cleithrophobia. It also explores some of the treatments that can help and what you can do to cope with the condition. Symptoms of Cleithrophobia The symptoms of cleithrophobia are similar to those of other specific phobias. Common symptoms of cleithrophobia include: Chest painChillsDifficulty breathingDizzinessFear of losing controlNauseaRacing heartbeatShakingSweating If you have this fear, you might experience a panic attack when you feel trapped....

Meet Dr. Corey Yeager Dr. Yeager is a Licensed Marriage and Family Therapist. Much of his work focuses on facilitating the advancement of meaningful dialogue surrounding the subject of race and racism. He also serves as the therapist for the Detroit Pistons. He’s the author of a new book called “How Am I Doing: 40 Conversations to Have With Yourself.” In it, he describes questions we can all ask ourselves to increase self-awareness....

Forms Metrophobia can take several forms. Some sufferers fear all poetry, while others fear poems that deal with the specific subject matter or are written in a specific style. If poetry was something that stressed you out in grade school, then as an adult in college any contact with poetry or poetic readings can cause panic and anxiety. You may refuse to participate in reading out loud or even start to skip classes....

It’s important to be upfront with your doctor with what medications or substances you use. Your physician can help you decide what to do. Drug Excretion in Breast Milk and Your Baby’s Exposure How much of the drug is excreted in your breast milk depends on the characteristics of the drug and how it enters your breast milk from your blood plasma. The milk-to-plasma drug concentration ratio relates to the proportion of the drug that is in your breast milk....

Follow Now: Apple Podcasts / Spotify / Google Podcasts Signs of Recovery From Depression There are a few things you can look at to better understand whether you are on the road to recovery. Improving Symptoms Do you notice that you don’t feel sad as often or that you are having fewer bouts of anger? Maybe it feels like you’re thinking more clearly, your appetite has returned, or you don’t feel as tired....

Thorndike’s principle suggests that responses immediately followed by satisfaction will be more likely to recur. The law of effect also suggests that behaviors followed by dissatisfaction or discomfort will become less likely to occur. Best Known For The Law of Effect Often called the father of modern educational psychology Animal research Trial-and-error theory of learning Birth and Death Edward Lee Thorndike was born on August 31, 1874 in Williamsburg, Massachusetts....