Sleep disorders are broadly classified into two types: Primary sleep disorders: These disorders are not caused by any other health conditions. Secondary sleep disorders: These disorders are caused by other health conditions, such as depression, stroke, arthritis, asthma, or thyroid problems. Primary sleep disorders are further divided into two types of conditions: Parasomnias: Parasomnias are characterized by abnormal activities during sleep, such as sleepwalking or sleep terrors. Dyssomnias: These disorders are characterized by difficulty falling asleep or staying asleep....

Meet Dr. Drew Ramsey Drew Ramsey is a psychiatrist and a leader in nutritional psychiatry. He’s also an assistant clinical professor of psychiatry at Columbia University College of Physicians and Surgeons. He founded the Brain Food Clinic in New York City, a practice that offers treatment and consultation for depression, anxiety, and emotional wellness. The clinic incorporates nutrition and integrative psychiatry treatments coaching, medication management, and psychotherapy. He’s the author of four books on food and mental health including Eat Complete: The 21 Nutrients that Fuel Brain Power, Boost Weight Loss and Transform Your Health, 50 Shades of Kale, The Happiness Diet, and Eat to Beat Depression and Anxiety....

Learn more about his life, career, and influence on psychology in this brief biography. Best Known For Structuralism Introspection Coined the word “empathy,” a translation of the German word ‘Einfühlung.‘ Oversaw the graduate studies of Margaret Floy Washburn, the first woman to receive a Ph.D. in Psychology Early Life Edward Bradford Titchener was born on January 11, 1867, in Chichester, England and attended Malvern College on a scholarship. While his family originally intended for him to enter the clergy, Titchener’s interests were elsewhere....

As a final question, is the diagnosis of bipolar disorder ever missed, and the symptoms mistakenly attributed to premenstrual dysphoric disorder? Effects Living with bipolar disorder alone should be enough, yet studies tell us that many women with bipolar disorder have a worsening of symptoms during the premenstrual period. While it may seem obvious that the irritability of premenstrual tension would accentuate the symptoms of bipolar disorder, researchers have been able to demonstrate specific ways in which these monthly symptoms may exacerbate bipolar disorder....

In a recent study published in the Journal of Experimental Psychology, researchers looked at when and why people show empathy to others. Researchers asked participants to choose between an empathy and an objective deck when describing a person. People avoided empathy by only choosing the empathy deck about 29% of the time in the first study and about 30% in the second. However, it was easier and more likely to show in cases when they were close to the person discussed....

People with an ENFP personality are often described as enthusiastic, charismatic, charming, energetic, and independent. ENFPs are also creative, so they typically do best in situations where they have the freedom to create and innovate. There are two subtypes of ENFPs: ENFP-A and ENFP-T. ENFP-A: Someone who is an ENFP-A is also known as an “Assertive Campaigner.” This ENFP subtype tends to be more confident and has more emotional control in their relationships....

While some young women are fortunate enough to have discussions with parents or other trusted adults, others are left in the dark regarding healthy and effective methods of contraception. Physical health, mental health, relationship status, future plans, government policy; these are all factors in the decision-making process for better or for worse. Shame is also, unfortunately, a factor and often deters young women from asking questions and reaching out. But thankfully, even if an in-person conversation can’t be had, young women today have access to a wealth of knowledge and resources online....

On September 1, 2020, a new moratorium stated renters had to prove they had had a substantial loss of income, they were unable to pay rent, they had made their best efforts to pay some rent, and that eviction would bring them closer to or into homelessness. Since September, a national eviction moratorium has largely been in place. However, the national eviction moratorium expired on Saturday, July 31, with more than 15 million people reportedly living in a household behind on rent....

Meet Ally Brooke Ally Brooke is a Multi-Platinum Award-winning recording artist who is known for her role in the group Fifth Harmony. The group broke up in 2018, and Ally has been working on her highly-anticipated solo career ever since. Why Ally Brooke’s Is Mentally Strong Ally recently wrote a memoir called Finding Your Harmony in which she opens up about some of her most painful experiences, including the death of several loved ones as well as the many highs and lows in her career....

They may also experience feelings of distress or discomfort over the traditional gender roles expected of their assigned gender. The effects of gender dysphoria can differ from one person to the next. For some people, these feelings of conflict may affect their self-image and behavior. A person with gender dysphoria may cope with discomfort by altering their gender expression, gender representation, or gender assignment from their gender assigned at birth....

Similarly to drugs like Rohypnol, GHB has earned a reputation for being used to facilitate sexual assault, as it is odorless and mostly tasteless and can cause unconsciousness and memory loss. Learning about GHB, including what it looks like and what it does to your mind and body, is perhaps the best way you can protect yourself or someone you love from becoming a victim. Also Known As: GHB is also known as the date rape drug, liquid ecstasy, soap, easy lay, vita-G, Georgia homeboy, scoop, grievous bodily harm, liquid X, and goop....

It’s important to understand and use the proper terminology to refer to sexual identity and sexual orientation in order to be an ally and empower and affirm individuals who in the past may have faced prejudice and judgment over their sexual orientation. Use of the correct words can be affirming while use of incorrect terminology can be disempowering. If you are in doubt, it is always best to ask a person what terminology they prefer that you use....

That said, complaining is a pastime that can be found in most groups, if not most people. There are some stress-relieving benefits to complaining, though they diminish when complaining slips into a more serious mode of anger and rumination. Voicing frustrations in small doses, however, does have its place as a stress reliever. Here are some of the reasons why people are often prone to complaining. Sometimes We Need to “Vent” Like a shaken bottle of carbonated goodness, when we are under pressure, we can sometimes feel the urge to “explode” in complaints....

Symptoms of Generalized Anxiety Disorder GAD can cause problems in everyday situations due to symptoms such as these: Persistent worrying or obsession about small or large concerns that are out of proportion to the impact of the eventInability to set aside or let go of a worryInability to relax, restlessness, and feeling keyed up or on edgeDifficulty concentrating, or the feeling that your mind “goes blank"Worrying about excessively worryingDistress about making decisions for fear of making the wrong decisionCarrying every option in a situation all the way out to its possible negative conclusionDifficulty handling uncertainty or indecisiveness...

However, what many people with OCD don’t realize is that the distressing thoughts they experience are not necessarily something that they have (or can have) control over. While this fact might initially make you feel stressed, understanding how your OCD thinking works and why it happens will help you develop more effective ways to cope. What Are OCD Thoughts? A 2014 study published in the Journal of Obsessive Compulsive and Related Disorders interviewed 777 college students in 13 different countries and found that around 94% of them had experienced at least one unwanted intrusive thought during the previous three months....

The latest edition, commonly known as the DSM-5, was released by the American Psychiatric Association on May 18, 2013. It replaced the DSM-IV, which had been in use since 1994. As is the case with each new edition of the DSM, there were some changes made to the diagnostic criteria for certain disorders from the DSM-IV to DSM-5, including depression. Some disorders have been removed, while others have been modified or added....

Sound familiar? For decades, real-life scientists have been trying to move the needle on the fight against climate change. While the threat isn’t as immediate as a comet hurtling toward Earth, it is imminent. And not nearly enough is being done about it. Watching an alarmingly similar parallel to the climate crisis or, in some aspects even, the Covid-19 pandemic is unsettling, especially when that parallel ends in complete and utter obliteration of planet Earth....

While the supplement is not FDA-approved for any medical use, it is generally considered safe for adults for short-term use. Dosage Guidelines When used as a supplement, valerian is most often made from the roots of the plant, but it can also come from dried stems, other plant materials, or plant extracts. It is available in several different forms, including: CapsulesTabletsTeasTinctures No specific preparation or dose is considered best for anxiety....

What Are Antidepressants? Clinicians frequently prescribe antidepressants to help reduce symptoms of depression, anxiety, obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD), social anxiety disorder (SAD), agoraphobia, and panic disorder. These medications work by affecting the brain’s neurotransmitters—chemical messengers that are responsible for regulating sleep, mood, anxiety, motivation, and other functions and states. Common Classes of Antidepressants and Examples Antidepressant medicines generally fall into a few classes. The medications in each class are similar, but not identical....